Can cellular communications really interfere with cockpit equipment?
The answer is potentially yes, but probably not. You want something meatier than that, I know, but that’s about as accurate an answer as exists. Although cellular phones are unlikely to screw anything up, regulators are erring on the better-safe-than-sorry side.
Cockpit hardware and software use radio transmissions for a number of tasks. Whether transmitting, receiving, or simply sitting idle, cell phones are able to garble these signals. As you might expect, aircraft electronics are designed and shielded with this interference in mind. This should mitigate any ill effects, and to date there are no proven cases where a cell phone has adversely affected the outcome of a flight. But you never know, and in some situations, i.e. in the presence of old or faulty shielding, it’s possible that a telephone could bring about some sort of anomaly.
Now, notice that I say “anomaly” and not “flaming wreckage.” You imagine some hapless passenger hitting the SEND button when suddenly the airplane explodes, flips over, or nose-dives into the ground. In reality, should it occur, interference is liable to be subtle, transient, and in the end harmless. People have a hard time grasping that each and every in-flight problem is not an impending catastrophe, and this is no exception. The electronic architecture of a modern jetliner is vast to say the least, and most irregularities aren’t exactly heart-stoppers – a warning flag that flickers for a moment and then goes away; a course line that briefly goes askew. Or something unseen. I’m occasionally asked if I have ever personally witnessed cellular interference in a cockpit. Not to my knowledge, but I can’t say for sure. Planes are large and complicated; minor, temporary malfunctions of this or that component aren’t uncommon. Nine times in ten, what brought about that fleeting glitch is never known.
Having said that, cell phones may have had a role in at least two serious incidents. Some blame a phone for the unsolved crash of a Crossair regional plane in Switzerland ten years ago, claiming spurious transmissions confused the plane’s autopilot. In another case, a regional jet forced to make an emergency landing after a fire alarm was triggered by a ringing phone in the luggage compartment. There have been other, anecdotal reports of varying seriousness, but none can be definitively linked to telephones.
Even if not actively connected, a cell phone's power-on mode dispatches bursts of potentially harmful energy. For this reason, all phones must be placed in the proverbial “off position” prior to taxiing. This is usually requested at the beginning of each flight as part of the never tedious pre-takeoff safety briefing. The policy is clearly stated, but unenforced. We assume the risks are minimal, or else phones would be collected rather than relying on the honor system. I would venture to guess that at least half of all cellular phones, whether inadvertently or out of laziness, are left on during flight. That’s about a million phones on about ten thousand flights every day, just in the United States. If indeed this was a recipe for disaster, I think we’d have more evidence by now.
In late 2004, USA Today ran a front-page story about a proposed relaxation of the cell phone ban. The article prompted millions of Americans to wonder if the rules were ever necessary in the first place. In the days that followed, flight attendants across the country dealt with insubordinate flyers who refused to put phones away when asked, and cynics wondered if maybe there wasn’t some conspiracy afoot. Was the whole thing a ruse from the beginning, designed to encourage passengers to splurge on those pricey seat-back satellite phones? Another theory holds that the ban was enacted at the behest of wireless providers. Without it, they would lose millions of dollars because calls made from aloft are untraceable and callers cannot be charged.
That second one isn’t quite correct, but it has some merit. In America, the existing restrictions were laid out in 1991 by the FCC, not the FAA. Calls placed from fast-flying aircraft tend to jump from antenna tower to antenna tower, resulting in various technical problems for the communications companies. This is entirely separate from, and does not negate, the interference issues.
Another idea suggests that airlines are using the mere possibility of technical complications as a way of keeping the cell phone debate off the table. For better or worse, the minute it can be proven beyond reasonable doubt that doing so is harmless, a certain percentage of flyers will begin demanding to use them. The result will pit one angry group of travelers against another, with carriers stuck in the middle.
If indeed airlines are playing this game, count me among those sympathetic and who hope the prohibition stays in place -- not out of technical concerns,